Regulatory Agency Food and Drug Administration Essay

Regulatory Agency: Food and Drug Administration Victoria Steele University of Phoenix Regulatory Agency: Food and Drug Administration The regulation of all areas of health care in The United States falls to The United States Department of Health and Human. One such area is the regulation on medications dispensed within the United States. The section of The United States Department of Health and Human Services responsible for regulation on medications is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Whereas the FDA has many functions, such as regulation of food, cosmetics, tobacco, and animal medicine, one of the well-known functions of the FDA is pharmacy regulation. The FDA has a long history of ensuring public safety in relation†¦show more content†¦The 1990s also brought about changes in requirements for pediatric drug safety in the form of the Pediatric Rule in 1998. The 1990s also brought about change in drug testing in women of childbearing age, which the FDA banned in 1977. This change opened drug studies to participants of both genders, regardless of a ge (FDA Milestones, 2006). The year 2000 brought about the reversal of the FDA’s ruling and regulation of tobacco as a drug. Further protection for children came in 2002 through the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act, which further improved the efficiency and safety of drugs for children. In 2003, drugs marketed for use in animals came under the FDA protection umbrella. The Animal Drug User Fee Act helped to ensure the safety of drugs used in veterinary settings. In 2004, in response to potential terrorist attacks, the BioShield Act allowed the FDA to expedite the approval process of drugs to treat potential chemical, nuclear, and biological contaminations (FDA Milestones, 2006). Source and Scope of Authority The Federal Government regulates the FDA’s actions and is the source of its authority. Since its inception, the FDA has been under federal regulation. The first regulation was through the department of agriculture, then Public Health Service, and finally through the Department of Health and Human Services. These various federal departments of regulation have each contributed to theShow MoreRelatedThe Food And Drug Administration Is A Regulatory Agency Responsible For The Public Health Of American Residents Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesThe Food and Drug Administration is a regulatory agency responsible for the public health of American residents. The agency is located in Silver Springs, Maryland. The current extent of FDA regulations reaches a wide variety of product groups such as electronic devices, cosmetics, foods, biologics, tobacco, medical devices, and veterinary devices (US Food Drug Administration, 2016). The FDA is also accountable for the safety of the food supply, prescription drugs, and the manufacturing of productsRead MoreRegulatory Agency Paper1549 Words   |  7 PagesRegulatory Agency Paper Annamarie Jenkins April 2, 2012 HCS/430 Federal Drug and Food Administration â€Å"The Federal Drug Administration is an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services. TheRead MoreHealth Care Regulatory Agencies Paper889 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Food and Drug Administration Legal Issues in Healthcare University of Phoenix Health care regulatory agencies supervise professional of the health care profession such as physicians, hospitals, and labs. Providing information in regards to changes in health care along with ensuring the safety and legal compliance and the quality of services provided to the public is the duty assigned to the agency. These agencies can range from the federal, all theRead MoreCase Studies : Health Law1273 Words   |  6 Pagesregulations and other jurisprudence that hold jurisdiction over the vendors, payers, and providers of the healthcare industry of the country. It also governs the patients and the delivery models of the healthcare services with a special emphasis on the regulatory, operations and transactional legal issues (Floridabar.org, 2016). The rule 6-14.2 definitions of the Florida bar states it as the legal issues that involve local, state or federal laws, rules and regulations for providers, health care providerRead MoreThe Importance Of Medical Devices In Patients And Hospital Technology885 Words   |  4 Pagesdevices are vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks. If exploited, an unauthorized user could remotely access a patient’s radio frequency-enabled, implanted cardiac device and rapidly deplete the battery or administer inappropriate pacing shocks (Food and Drug Administration, 2017). In August, the FDA approved a firmware update intended as a recall to reduce the risk of patient harm due to potential exploitation of pacemakers. In May of 2017, a ransomware allegedly from North Korea spread across the worldRead MoreThe Dangers Of Genetically Modified Organisms741 Words   |  3 Pagescommercialization, there will be a need for regulatory agencies globally to analyse and permit its proper usage. The possible dangers of GMO foods on human health are not even entirely clear yet, and there are a lot of questions regarding GMO Mosquitoes that cannot be answered with 100 percent certainty. There is no single regulatory body which can govern GE insects or a law that cover all risk assessments. This clearly shows the outdated U.S regulatory system which lacks oversight of how usefulRead MoreWhos in Charge of the Store? Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesstatewide regulations, similar to the regulation of alcohol and tobacco (Torrico). If medical marijuana is to be classified as a drug, defined in the Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary as, â€Å"a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease.† (383) it must be regulated by the same federal agencies that regulate all drugs. Torrico advocates the use of marijuana for medical purposes but voices concern over the push to legalize marijuana, as a stopRead MoreEGT1 Task31229 Words   |  5 Pagesregulation, and natural monopolies by explaining how they have impacted society and why they exist. It is also the intent to summarize the Antitrust Laws, explain the major functions of the five primary federal regulatory commissions that govern social regulation, and identify three  main regulatory commissions of industrial regulation. 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In consequence, companies began to utilize chemicals and preservatives in order to aid in the maintenance of the food duringRead MoreGmo Case Study990 Words   |  4 PagesCategories of GMOs (genetically modified organisms), such as plants, food, drugs, biological products, pesticides, microorganisms are regulated by a variety of US agencies, which include the US Dep artment of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the Food and Drug Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency. These agencies operate based on regulations set by the Plant Protection Act, the Federal Food, Drug, the Cosmetic Act, Public Health Service Act, the Federal Insecticide

The Cost of Culpability The Significance of Numbers...

Both juveniles and mentally ill adult offenders fell under the above category, it was possible that one could be found not liable due to their age and mental status’ and win a victory in court that could be categorized as legal injustice. Throughout this paper, inconclusive evidence was found that suggested legal definitions were basically written the same but were interpreted differently by various courts. The only noticeable shifts were found in the application of these terms inside the criminal justice system Jenkins (2003). Attorneys often used word play to make their arguments during a trial. The interpretation of words were what many felt changed the direction of the judicial outcome Feld (1991). Many findings support†¦show more content†¦This section will look at age in two areas; mental and chronological to determine if chronological age favoritism is a valid or justifiable courtroom practice that is being used to lessen juvenile judicial reprimand. This findi ng will also provide evidence which suggest that mental age is more often than not ignored during the sentencing phases of adult offenders. Criminal cases involving juveniles and mentally ill offenders will be compared. Each case will have the same or very similar charges but will involve youth and mentally ill offenders. Sentencing details will be explored to see how, if or when mental and chronological age manifested during trial and its impact on the final ruling. Mental age is defined as the measurement of mental development, this level of measurement was determined by intelligence tests given to the offenders by court appointed professionals Brink (2004). These tests were generally restricted to adults who openly displayed a mental imbalance and did not test the cognitive levels of juvenile offenders. The results of these tests were expressed as the age at which the level of understanding could be attained by other individuals within that same age group. The physical age of an individual is measured by the number of years that person has lived post birth, it was used more often in psycho-metrics as the standard against how certainShow MoreRelatedBhopal Gas Tragedy7928 Words   |  32 Pages25 years after the gas leak, 390 tons of toxic chemicals abandoned at the UCIL plant continue to leak and pollute the groundwater in the region and affect thousands of Bhopal residents who depend on it. This is a very serious issue. Many civil and criminal cases are still pending in the United States District Court, Manhattan and the District Court of Bhopal, India, against Union Carbide. On 8th july ex-employees, including the former chairman of UCIL, were convicted in Bhopal of causing death by negligenceRead MoreA Theoretical Perspective on Dowry Deaths in India22724 Words   |  91 Pages Area: Rights of women in India Topic: A Theoretical Perspective on Dowry Deaths in India Objectives: a) To understand the concept of dowry as has originated and evolved in India. b) To conceptualize modern day consequences of dowry system. c) To refer to various laws in India and find out reasons for ineffectuality. d) To analyze the trend lay down in this regard by way of various judicial decisions. e) To critically analyze the reasons for divergence between theRead MoreAuditing Cases22626 Words   |  91 Pagesor pay† contracts, whereby they paid for minimum volumes in the future at prearranged prices to protect against supply shortages. In early 1986 ]lnron reported a loss of $14 million for its first year. As a result, the company employed a series of cost-cutting measures, including layoffs and pay freezes for top executives. Enron also started selling off assets to reduce its debt. Nevertheless, Enron’s financial situation was still bleak in 1987. That year Moody’s downgraded its credit rating to junkRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesCourier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission

Analysis Annual Report Medibank Australia -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Analysis Annual Report Medibank Australia? Answer: Introduction This report provides an analysis of the accounting items, accounting policies, and importance of the accounting items for the company and the society. For this purpose, an annual report of Medibank Australia for the financial year 2016 has been selected. From the annual report, two accounting items have been selected and then an analysis into the accounting policies in relation to these accounting items has been conducted. Two Accounting Items and their Accounting Policies Two accounting items such as trade receivables and Property, plant and equipment have been selected from the annual report of Medibank Australia (Annual report of Medibank, 2016). The information extracted from the notes to accounts reveals that Metibank prepares its financial statements based on the financial reporting framework prescribed by the Australian Accounting Standard Board. In relation to trade receivables, it has been observed that the trade and other receivables of the bank comprise non-interest bearing accounts. The bank recognizes the trade and other receivables at the fair value on the initial recognition; however, subsequent recognition is made at the amortized cost which is computed applying effective interest method. The allowances for the impairment in the value of receivables is made and reduced from the amortized cost. The trade receivables falling due for receipt within 12 months are accounted for as current asset and that falling due after 12 months are accoun ted for as non-current assets (Annual report of Medibank, 2016). The property, plant and equipment comprises of assets such as land and building, plant and machinery, leasehold assets, and assets under construction (Annual report of Medibank, 2016). The accounting policy in regards to land and building prescribes that land and building is to be valued at fair value and that fair is to be reviewed at least after 3 years for revision. The building is depreciated applying the straight line method over the useful life. Further, the gains or losses on the disposal of an item of land and building are book in the statement of comprehensive income. Further, the items of property, plant and equipment are applied for impairment test so that the carrying amount does not exceed to the recoverable amount of the assets (Annual report of Medibank, 2016). Importance of the Selected Items The trade and other receivables of Medibank are $313.1 million forming part of the current assets of the bank. The bank holds total current assets of $2,812.50 million. This implies that the trade and other receivables of the bank are 11.15% of the total current assets. It indicates that the trade and other receivables of the bank are not much significant. The property, plant and equipment forming part of the non-current assets of the bank are worth $93.3 million. The total value of the non-current assets is $453.7 million. The value of property, plant and equipment is 20.56% of the total non-current assets (Annual report of Medibank, 2016). Thus, looking at the value of the property, plant and equipment, it seems that these items are not significant but considering the use of these items in the smooth running of the business, it could be inferred that these are of high importance for the bank (Shim and Siegel, 2007).; Social Impact of the Selected Items The social impact of trade and other receivables is more important than any other accounting item of an entity. The trade receivables are the customers who usages the products and services of the entity. The company strives to fulfill all the requirement of its customer to flourish and grow in the market. Further, the use of properties by the corporate also has impact on the society. The increase in the corporatization will decrease the space of accommodation for the social lives (Cronin and Dearing, 2017). Reflection on the Annual Report The annual report provides information about performance of the company during the financial year. The annual report of Medibank contains different sections such as directors report, financial report, corporate governance report, and business summary. At the starting pages, the report provides a snapshot of the financial performance over the period of five years (Annual report of Medibank, 2016). Further, the report provides a glimpse of References section adequately reflects the contribution made by the company for the social and environmental developments. The financial report section provides detailed information on the financial performance and position of the bank along with explanatory notes and auditors report. The annual report of Medibank seems appropriate; however, improvements could be made in the presentation of the information (Stittle, 2003). Conclusion From the discussion carried out in this report, it could be inferred that the annual report of a company is an important document for not only the investors but all the stakeholders. The information provided in the notes accompanying the accounts is crucial for the purposes of analysis of financial performance. References Annual report of Medibank. 2016. Annual report of Medibank for the year 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.medibank.com.au/content/dam/medibank/About-Us/reporting-centre-2016/Annual%20report/Medibank_Annual_Report_2016.pdf [Accessed at: 18 September 2017]. Cronin, economics. and Dearing, T.C. 2017. Managing for Social Impact: Innovations in Responsible Enterprise. Management. Shim, J.K. and Siegel, J.G. 2007. Handbook of Financial Analysis, Forecasting, and Modeling. CCH. Stittle, J. 2003. Annual Reports: Delivering Your Corporate Message to Stakeholders. Gower Publishing, Ltd.

Brief Analysis Of Karl Marx free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Positions On The Relationship Between Social Change, Socioeconomic Class Structure And Ideology Essay, Research Paper As James Farganis ( 1993 ) notes, Karl Marx # 8220 ; continues to be of involvement. . . # 8221 ; ( p. 27 ) to many sociologists. Harmonizing to Alan Swingwood ( 1991 ) , # 8220 ; During the class of the 1840 # 8217 ; s and 1850 # 8217 ; s, Marxism emerged as the first sociological theory which identified scientific analysis with the involvements of a specific socioeconomic category. . . # 8221 ; ( p. 61 ) . Since the impression of socioeconomic category division is discussed often in popular topics such as economic sciences, sociology, psychological science, criminology, communicating surveies, etc. , it is of import and interesting to analyze Marx # 8217 ; s ideas on category division as they relate to the construct of societal alteration and political orientation. Rationale on Why Topic was Chosen While reading the plants of Swingewood ( 1991 ) and Farganis ( 1993 ) , it became a disputing undertaking to see and understand how Marx # 8217 ; s legion thoughts intertwined. This compelling challenge drew involvement and hence resulted in this brief analysis of Marx # 8217 ; s thoughts on the relationships that exist between societal alteration, socioeconomic category differences and political orientation, as we understood them. Pulling on Swingewood ( 1991 ) and Farganis ( 1993 ) to Understand Marx This paper is centered around the subject of societal alteration, and how/if socioeconomic category and political orientation influence societal alteration or vice-versa. Harmonizing to Swingewood ( 1991 ) , # 8220 ; Pre-Marxist socialism lacked both a theory of societal alteration and a appreciation of society in footings of the dealingss between economic organisation and the societal and political system. . .basing the necessity for socialism on alterations in human nature # 8221 ; ( p. 61 ) . In order to understand the quotation mark, one must develop an apprehension of the construct of human nature. Harmonizing to Farganis ( 1993 ) , Karl Marx and Frederick Engels viewed societies as being divided into conflicting and graded categories on the footing of two standards: ownership of the agencies of production # 8211 ; land, commercial endeavors, mills, and wealth # 8211 ; and the ability to buy and command the labour of others. When viewed in visible radiation of Marx # 8217 ; s and Engel # 8217 ; s footings, human nature seems to be based on the end of capital addition. When analysing human nature and socioeconomic category division in footings of societal alteration, Marx believed that finally, the affluent addition the ability to act upon of import societal establishments: the authorities, the media, the schools, and the tribunals. Those in power have entree to the agencies necessary to make and advance a world that justifies the development of the lower category working population. Harmonizing to Farganis ( 1993 ) , this version of world is so influential that even those who aren being exploited semen to accept it. This apprehension shows Marx # 8217 ; s positions on the manner that societal alteration is affected by socioeconomic category. Marx # 8217 ; s positions show how socioeconomic category division is important in seeking to impede alteration, socioeconomic category division is the primary agencies by which the powerful categories in society prevent protest and revolution, which frequently result in immense alterations within society. Equally long as big Numberss of people believe that wealth and success are merchandises of single difficult work and attempt instead than societal inequalities, bitterness toward the wealthy will diminish because inequalities are perceived as just and merited. In briefly reflecting on how this perceived relationship between socioeconomic category and societal alterati on, it is interesting to look at how the 3rd variable of political orientation comes into drama in Marx # 8217 ; s theory. Harmonizing to Swingewood ( 1991 ) , Marx believes that # 8220 ; Society is explained non through thoughts but instead thoughts through society: thoughts have no history other than as elements of society and history # 8221 ; ( p. 72 ) . Marx and Engels viewed the theory of ideo logy as a relationship between societal construction and thought systems. Further defined: â€Å"ideas are simply the inactive contemplations of an external economic order. Knowledge is epiphenomenal, the merchandise of nonsubjective societal involvements and therefore incapable of exerting an active function in society and societal change† ( p.72 ) . Marx’s mentality on political orientation straight relates to knowledge, since thoughts and the ability to believe critically are by and large associated with cognition. Marx seems to believe that people get cognition non needfully in order to get more wealth and power, which, as seen antecedently, influences societal alteration, but because of a corporate earning by society to larn. Marx besides puts great accent on cognition in footings of concrete, touchable ‘proof’ of being instead than political orientation, which he says is, â€Å"distorted thought† ( p. 72 ) . Marx says, † . . . Life is non determined by consciousness but consciousness by life† ( p. 73 ) . Although Marx # 8217 ; s theory shows a direct relationship between societal alteration and socioeconomic category, he externally says that political orientation does non impact societal alteration. When analysing political orientation in footings of socioeconomic category, Marx says political orientation in fact, # 8220 ; mystifies existent dealingss. . . of category involvements # 8221 ; ( p. 72 ) . Marx purely believed that, # 8220 ; the forces of production # 8216 ; represent the economic construction of society. . . # 8221 ; ( p. 73 ) . Harmonizing to Marx a # 8220 ; mind # 8217 ; s # 8221 ; existent motivations for geting cognition are non as a agency of wealth and motion from one socioeconomic category to another, but that, # 8220 ; motivations forcing him remain unknown to him, otherwise it would non be an ideological procedure at all # 8221 ; ( p. 73 ) . Contemplation and Decision In looking at Marx # 8217 ; s ideas it was found that Marx seemed to believe that, a relationship exists between societal alteration and socioeconomic category, but he does non believe political orientation influences these. In traveling over the literature presented in Farganis ( 1991 ) , and Swingewood ( 1993 ) , we found there to be small grounds presented by Marx to back up his incredulity in political orientation # 8217 ; s relationship to societal alteration and socioeconomic category. We would dispute Marx # 8217 ; s view on political orientation and say that it does, in fact, have an influence on societal alteration. We believe that people non merely strive to get cognition for personal and societal fulfilment, but people besides want to develop themselves intellectually as a agency of critically believing approximately ways to get more wealth and power in society. Peoples want to larn how to detect thoughts on how to do concern run better, and more expeditiously. We see this procedure as political orientation. Peoples throughout society are endeavoring to larn more in order to increase their capital addition, they are besides traveling to make societal alteration. An illustration of this is today # 8217 ; s construct of instruction. More and more pupils are told that more instruction is needed beyond the high school degree in order to get a good occupation with good wage, etc. Though there are still those who feel instruction is necessary regardless of capital additions, many feel it is a necessity because of the desire to break his or her chances further in life. This changes society in that more and more pupils are prosecuting a college instruction and more and more pupils are come ining the work force with thoughts and critical ideas on how to better concern. As we see it, political orientation is developed through instruction and cognition and is a critical factor act uponing societal alteration and socioeconomic category. What topographic point would Marx experience instruction has in society since he sees cognition as holding such small impact on societal alteration? If Marx views economic inequality as an of import factor in making a system of category stratification, does a individual possessing wealth and power have authorization over a worker, hence prohibiting the worker from endeavoring to raise to the following category degree? 3f9